About Arun Ferreira
Arun Ferreira is a human rights lawyer who has been a member of the Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights and the Indian Association of People’s Lawyers. He is a defendant lawyer for five human rights defenders who were arrested on 6 June 2018, in a separate case related to the Bhima-Koregaon violence which occurred on 1 January 2018.
On 14 February 2020, an order was passed to move the investigation on the Bhima Koregaon case to the National Investigation Agency court in Mumbai. The next court hearing is set for 28 February 2020. Meanwhile, all nine human rights defenders have been transferred to Arthur Road Jail in Mumbai.
On 24 January 2020, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led central government abruptly transferred the inquiry into the Bhima Koregaon case from the Pune Police, in the state of Maharashtra to the National Investigation Agency (NIA), a central agency. The move has been criticised by human rights defenders and has raised serious concern regarding the course of the investigation.
On 28 August 2018, five human rights defenders were arrested and several others’ residences, including Father Stan Swamy’s, were raided in a coordinated crackdown by Pune police in different parts of India. Sudha Bhardwaj, Vernon Gonsalves, Varavara Rao, Gautam Navlakha and Arun Ferreira were all arrested in different cities under a host of charges, including terrorism-related charges.
On 14 February 2020, an order was passed to move the investigation on the Bhima Koregaon case to the National Investigation Agency court in Mumbai. The next court hearing is set for 28 February 2020. Meanwhile, all nine human rights defenders have been transferred to Arthur Road Jail in Mumbai.
On 24 January 2020, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led central government abruptly transferred the inquiry into the Bhima Koregaon case from the Pune Police, in the state of Maharashtra to the National Investigation Agency (NIA), a central agency. The move has been criticised by human rights defenders and has raised serious concern regarding the course of the investigation. The case involves nine human rights defenders – Sudha Bhardwaj, Vernon Gonsalves, Varavara Rao, Arun Ferreira, Sudhir Dhawale, Rona Wilson, Shoma Sen, Mahesh Raut and Surendra Gadling – who have been in detention since 2018.
The decision to transfer the case to the NIA is seen by human rights defenders as an attempt to maintain control over the political narrative on this case, in which nine defenders are incarcerated and several more are falsely implicated. In June 2018 five human rights defenders, Sudhir Dhawale, Rona Wilson, Shoma Sen, Mahesh Raut and Surendra Gadling, were arrested followed by the August arrest of Sudha Bhardwaj, Vernon Gonsalves, Varavara Rao, Arun Ferreira and Gautam Navlakha. All those arrested with the exception of Gautam Navlakha remain in jail, with their bail applications postponed or denied. Several other human rights defenders had their homes and offices raided, were labelled as urban Naxals and were the subject of false propaganda and a misinformation campaign by Indian authorities. The detained defenders are accused, without any clear basis, of inciting the violence that took place at Bhima Koregaon on 1 January 2018. They are also accused of sedition, criminal activity and conspiracy against the state. Front Line Defenders has previously raised concerns over the safety of the human rights defenders falsely implicated and has called on the Indian state to cease reprisals against human rights defenders based on their peaceful human rights work.
Following the State elections in Maharashtra the new government set up a Special Investigating Team (SIT) to inquire into the case. Given the hostile conditions for human rights defenders under the previous BJP led state government, there was hope among defenders of a positive resolution and greater protection for those involved under the new government and the SIT. The decision to transfer the case to the NIA and remove it from the State police comes in the wake of this development and may be interpreted as an attempt to prevent the new government in Maharashtra from carrying out a review of the controversial inquiry into the case. Effectively the case is back under the control of the BJP led central government. This has raised fears of the prolonged detention of those already in jail and further targeting of local defenders on account of their work.
Human rights defenders have consistently sought an independent probe in this case. In September 2018 the Supreme Court of India rejected a petition seeking an independent court-monitored probe. The then BJP led state government vigorously opposed the petition for independent monitoring. Prior to 24 January 2020, there had been no attempt by the central government or the previous state government to direct the case to the NIA.
Front Line Defenders believes that the nine human rights defenders currently in jail and others implicated in this case are being targeted due to their work in the defence of human rights. It believes that the timing of the transfer is a matter of serious concern as the investigation is over and pending adjudication in the court. It is an attempt to undermine an independent inquiry through a Special Investigation Unit and further compromise the safety of the human rights defenders involved.
On 26 October 2018, the Pune Sessions Court rejected the bail application of human rights defenders Sudha Bhardwaj, Vernon Gonsalves and Arun Ferreira and rejected an application by their lawyers for an extension of house arrest. All three human rights defenders have been remanded in police custody until 6 November 2018.
On 28 August 2018, Indian Police arrested five human rights defenders – Sudha Bhardwaj, Vernon Gonsalves, Varavara Rao, Gautam Navlakha and Arun Ferreira – in coordinated raids across India. The activists have been falsely accused of being involved in the Bhima Koregan violence, which occurred on 1 January 2018 during the commemoration of the 200 year anniversary of a battle the Dalits had won against the Peshwas (upper caste rulers). Following an application to the Supreme Court against the human rights defenders’ arrests, they were placed under house arrest under police supervision.
On 28 September 2018, the Supreme Court held that the arrest of the five defenders did not constitute a silencing of dissent and that they were not arrested due to their dissenting views. The Supreme Court granted a period of four weeks for the defenders to seek relief (bail) in a lower court.
Vernon Gonsalves and Arun Ferreira filed bail applications before the Pune Sessions Court on 5 October 2018. Sudha Bhardwaj filed her bail application before the Pune Sessions Court on 6 October 2018. On 1 October 2018, Gautam Navlakha’s arrest was quashed by the Delhi High Court, although the first information report against him remains. Varavara Rao has challenged his arrest before the Hyderabad High Court.
On 26 October 2018, Special Judge K. D. Vadane of the Pune (UAPA) Sessions Court rejected the bail applications of Sudha Bhardwaj, Vernon Gonsalves and Arun Ferreira. The Court also rejected the application for extension of house arrest which was due to expire on 26 October 2018. Vernon Gonsalves and Arun Ferreira were taken into custody on the same evening. Sudha Bhardwaj was taken into custody the following morning. The three human rights defenders were produced before the Pune Sessions Court on 27 October 2018 and remanded until 6 November 2018.
On 27 October 2018, Sudha Bharadwaj submitted an application to court stating that she suffered from several health issues including high blood pressure. The Court ordered that the required medical facilities be provided in prison.
Prior to these arrests, in June 2018, Pune Police arrested five other defenders, Sudhir Dhawale, Rona Wilson, Prof Shoma Sen, Mahesh Raut and lawyer Surendra Gadling. The five defenders arrested on 28 August 2018 had been vocal in their criticism of the arrest and incarceration of those detained in June and Arun Ferreira had provided legal representation to one of the arrested activists. The bail applications of Surendra Gadling and Prof. Shoma Sen are currently pending before court with an order due after 1 November 2018. The decision on bail has been postponed until the Supreme Court determines whether the police could be granted further time to file a charge sheet in this case: The Sessions Court had granted the police an extension of 90 days to file the charge sheet. This decision was challenged before the Bombay High Court, which quashed the extension. On appeal on 29 October 2018, the Supreme Court granted a stay order of the decision of the Bombay High Court until the next hearing of the case before the Supreme Court on 12 November 2018.
Front Line Defenders expresses grave concern regarding the arrest, incarceration and treatment of the above mentioned human rights defenders. Front Line Defenders believes that their arrest and legal persecution is directly linked to their peaceful and legitimate work in defence of human rights.
On 28 August 2018, five human rights defenders were arrested and several others’ residences, including Father Stan Swamy’s, were raided in a coordinated crackdown by Pune police in different parts of India. Sudha Bhardwaj, Vernon Gonsalves, Varavara Rao, Gautam Navlakha and Arun Ferreira were all arrested in different cities under a host of charges, including terrorism-related charges.
Sudha Bhardwaj is a human rights lawyer, with a focus on protecting the rights of adivasi (indigenous) people in the state of Chattisgarh. She has acted as legal representation in several cases of extrajudicial executions of adivasis and has represented adivasis and activists before the National Human Rights Commission of India. She also serves as the General Secretary of the Chattisgarh People’s Union for Civil Liberties.
Vernon Gonsalves is an academic and writer, who writes extensively on Dalit and adivasi rights, the conditions of prisons in India and the rights of prisoners. He has also advocated for scrapping the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, a draconian piece of anti-terror legislation with a wide ambit and vague concepts, which allows its misuse against academics, lawyers and human rights defenders. In recent times, it has been used repeatedly to target people expressing dissent.
Varavara Rao is an acclaimed academic, well known for his progressive writings. He regularly takes part in various social activism activities and often speaks publicly on human rights issues.
Gautam Navlakha is a human rights defender and journalist. He was the Secretary of the People’s Union for Democratic Rights, a non-governmental organisation committed to legally defending civil liberties and democratic rights by protecting, extending and helping implement fundamental rights as guaranteed in the Indian constitution. He has also served as the convener of the International People’s Tribunal on Human Rights and Justice in Kashmir.
Arun Ferreira is a human rights lawyer who has been a member of the Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights and the Indian Association of People’s Lawyers. He is a defendant lawyer for five human rights defenders who were arrested on 6 June 2018, in a separate case related to the Bhima-Koregaon violence which occurred on 1 January 2018.
Father Stan Swamy is an indigenous people’s rights defender. He is the founder of Vistapan Virodhi Janvikash Andolan (VVJA), an all India platform for different movements that are resisting displacement of adivasi people, Dalits, and farmers from their lands. The organisation has supported these vulnerable communities in securing their land rights and proposing sustainable development models instead.
On 28 August 2018, Indian police simultaneously arrested five human rights defenders and raided the properties of several others in a nationwide operation. Sudha Bhardwaj was arrested at her residence in the state of Haryana, when it was raided by the police. During the raid, her laptop, mobile phone, pen drives and a blank diary were seized. Sudha Bhardwaj has expressed concern that her diary might be tampered with. The arrest documents presented to her were in Marathi language, which she does not understand, failing to comply with Section 165 and 166 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The human rights defender has been charged under several sections of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, along with Sections 153 A, 505, 117 and 120 of the Indian Penal Code. Sudha Bhardwaj was recently the target of a defamatory media campaign, which branded her as a “Maoist”.
Gautam Navlakha was arrested at his residence in New Delhi in the afternoon during a raid. He faces charges under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, along with Sections 153A, 505, 117 and 120 of the Indian Penal Code. Arun Ferreira was arrested from his home in Mumbai during a raid in the morning during which his wife’s laptop and pen drives were seized. Vernon Gonsalves and Varavara Rao were arrested at their homes in Mumbai and Hyderabad, respectively, in the afternoon. Vernon Gonsalves’ wife is also one of the lawyers handling the case of the five human rights defenders who were arrested on 6 June.
On the same day, Father Stan Swamy’s residence was raided in Ranchi city, Chattisgarh state. Laptops, mobile phones, cameras, memory cards and music tapes were all seized from his house. The search notice presented to him by the police was written in Marathi language, which he does not understand. This is the second time Father Stan Swamy has been targeted in the past two months. A false sedition case was lodged against him on 29 July 2018 in Jharkhand state for his work with the adivasi people in Jharkhand.
The five defenders were arrested based on evidence of their “involvement in inciting violence” on 31 December 2017. The violence in question occurred during Elgar Parishad, a Dalit commemoration of the anniversary of a battle the Dalits had won 200 years previously against the Peshwas (upper caste rulers). The commemoration had turned violent at Bhima Koregaon (near Pune) on 1 January 2018. The human rights defenders believe that the case has been brought against them to muzzle the voice of dissent, as all five are currently active in protesting against the arrests of other human rights defenders in India.
The defenders will be kept under house arrest in their own homes under police watch until 6 September 2018, as directed by the Supreme Court of India. The Court questioned the police’s decision to arrest the human rights defenders nine months after the incident, pointing out that they are all reputable citizens, and that “stifling the dissent” was harmful for a democratic society.
Front Line Defenders condemns the arrests of Sudha Bhardwaj, Gautam Navlakha, Vernon Gonsalves, Arun Ferreira and Varavan Rao, as it strongly believes that they are directly linked to their peaceful and legitimate work in defence of human rights. Front Line Defenders also condemns the raid at Father Stan Swamy’s home and the seizure of his property.
Front Line Defenders urges the authorities in India to:
1. Immediately and unconditionally lift the house arrest orders on Sudha Bhardwaj, Gautam Navlakha, Vernon Gonsalves, Arun Ferreira and Varavan Rao and return any property seized, as Front Line Defenders believes that the human rights defenders are being held solely as a result of their legitimate and peaceful work in the defence of human rights;
2. Immediately and unconditionally drop the charges against the five human rights defenders;
3. Conduct an independent, thorough and impartial investigation into the widespread violence organised against Dalits, including human rights defenders, in the aftermath of the Bhima Koregaon commemoration;
4. Immediately cease all further harassment of Fr. Stan Swamy and his family, and return the property seized from his house, as Front Line Defenders believes that the raid carried out was solely a result of his legitimate work in defence of human rights;
5. Guarantee in all circumstances that all human rights defenders in India are able to carry out their legitimate human rights activities without fear of reprisals and free from all restrictions.
This article first appeared in frontlinedefenders.org